{"id":85,"date":"2021-09-10T04:14:23","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T04:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85"},"modified":"2025-09-26T16:09:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T08:09:54","slug":"cooperativity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85","title":{"rendered":"Cooperativity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Achieving Dicke superradiance in the optical domain and in vacuum is challenging because of the large required spatial atomic density. One releases this constraint, placing atoms in a high finesse cavity such that a bouncing photon can interact many times with the atomic ensemble. We noticed that the cavity was not necessary as far as the medium has a large optical density (OD), and is coherently excited by a laser\u00a0[1]. We gave an original interpretation of the flash effect in this phenomenon. Then, we cast light on the richness of the flash effect, and the key role of the\u00a0interference between the incident laser and the forward emission.\u00a0Interference can enhance [superflash, see figure (a)] or suppress the flash\u00a0[2], generate cooperative pulse emission [see figure (b)]\u00a0[3], and lead to precise two-photon measurement in \u039b-scheme\u00a0[4]. We also used the flash effect to extract the elastic scattering component in a highly saturated medium\u00a0[5], proposed a sensitive FM-spectroscopy method\u00a0[6], and calculated the first-order correction due to near-field effects\u00a0[7].<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-186\" style=\"width:1086px;height:226px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-300x62.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-768x160.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1536x319.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-2048x426.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-496x103.jpeg 496w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>(a) Coherent superflash observed after an abrupt probe extinction ( from ref. [2]) . (b) Pulsed train of light with repetition time shorter than atomic lifetime. ( from ref. [3]) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/phase_forward.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-187\" style=\"width:331px;height:360px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/phase_forward.png 319w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/phase_forward-275x300.png 275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Representation in the complex plane (Phasor) of the forward scattered field as function of the resonance detuning. The forbidden region corresponds to a violation of the energy conservation law<\/em> (from ref. [2])<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:90px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M. Chalony, R. Pierrat, D. Delande, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cCoherent flash of light emitted by a cold atomic cloud,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 84, no. 1, p. 011401, Jul. 2011, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.84.011401\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.84.011401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.84.011401<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. C. Kwong&nbsp;<em>et al.<\/em>, \u201cCooperative Emission of a Coherent Superflash of Light,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 113, no. 22, p. 223601, Nov. 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.223601\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.223601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.223601<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. C. Kwong, T. Yang, D. Delande, R. Pierrat, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cCooperative Emission of a Pulse Train in an Optically Thick Scattering Medium,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 115, no. 22, p. 223601, Nov. 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.223601\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.223601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.223601<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. S. Madasu, C. C. Kwong, D. Wilkowski, and K. Pandey, \u201cHomodyne detection of a two-photon resonance assisted by cooperative emission,\u201d&nbsp;<em><em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 105, no. 1, p. 01313, Jan. 2022<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.013713\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.013713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.013713<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[5]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. C. Kwong, T. Wellens, K. Pandey, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cResonant forward-scattered field in the high-saturation regime: Elastic and inelastic contributions,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 102, no. 6, p. 063722, Dec. 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.063722\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.063722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.063722<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[6]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. C. Kwong, E. A. Chan, S. A. Aljunid, R. Shakhmuratov, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cLarge optical depth frequency modulation spectroscopy,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Opt. Express<\/em>, vol. 27, no. 22, p. 32323, Oct. 2019,<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.063722\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.063722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> doi: 10.1364\/OE.27.032323<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[7]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. C. Kwong, D. Wilkowski, D. Delande, and R. Pierrat, \u201cCoherent light propagation through cold atomic clouds beyond the independent scattering approximation,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 99, no. 4, p. 043806, Apr. 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.043806\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.043806\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.043806<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction Achieving Dicke superradiance in the optical domain and in vacuum is challenging because of the large required spatial atomic density. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-85","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-26T08:09:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85\",\"name\":\"Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-10T04:14:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-26T08:09:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?page_id=85#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cooperativity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics\",\"description\":\"Experimental Quantum Physics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/cropped-CQT-logo-colour-horizontal-blacktext-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/cropped-CQT-logo-colour-horizontal-blacktext-1.png\",\"width\":729,\"height\":164,\"caption\":\"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics","description":"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics","og_description":"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction","og_url":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85","og_site_name":"Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics","article_modified_time":"2025-09-26T08:09:54+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85","url":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85","name":"Cooperativity - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg","datePublished":"2021-09-10T04:14:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-26T08:09:54+00:00","description":"Cooperative effects in light-atom interaction","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Flash_Pulse-1024x213.jpeg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cooperativity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/","name":"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics","description":"Experimental Quantum Physics","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#organization","name":"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics","url":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cropped-CQT-logo-colour-horizontal-blacktext-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cropped-CQT-logo-colour-horizontal-blacktext-1.png","width":729,"height":164,"caption":"Ultracold Gases & Nanophotonics"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=85"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":668,"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions\/668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}