{"id":104,"date":"2021-09-10T10:03:39","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T10:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultracoldtest.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=104"},"modified":"2025-09-26T16:25:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T08:25:24","slug":"long-range-interactions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=104","title":{"rendered":"Long Range Interactions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gravitational-like interaction in tabletop experiment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If large OD systems are of key importance to study <a href=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=85\" data-type=\"page\">cooperativity<\/a>, we demonstrated that in the other limiting case of small OD, the light is linearly absorbed and can initiate an effective long-range interaction. With two counter-propagating laser beams, the long-range interaction is attractive. It is a rather unusual phenomenon since, in commune tri-dimensional systems, such as magneto-optical traps, the attractive force is masked by a stronger repulsive force, due to photons&#8217; multiple scattering. Nevertheless, we were able to experimentally observe the attractive long-range force, in a reduced effective one-dimensional system (see Figure) [1]. This was one of the very few tabletop experiments mimicking gravitational-like interaction. Soon after, we proposed to generalize our method to two-dimensional where a zero-order phase transition toward a collapsed phase is predicted [2]. We found experimentally that collapse is a very fragile phenomenon and is replaced by a rich attractive\/repulsive competitive dynamic when the two-dimension criterion is not fulfilled [3]. We also found that a collective dynamic might also exist, leading to single-particle Brownian motion [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped aligncenter wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"784\" height=\"510\" data-id=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LR_Breathing-Freq.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LR_Breathing-Freq.jpg 784w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LR_Breathing-Freq-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LR_Breathing-Freq-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LR_Breathing-Freq-461x300.jpg 461w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Figure: Breathing mode frequency as function of <em>p<\/em>, the static gas relative compression. The long-range force scale like 1\/r<sup>\u03b1<\/sup>. In the 1D case, explored here, we are expected \u03b1=0 (from ref. [1]).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M. Chalony, J. Barr\u00e9, B. Marcos, A. Olivetti, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cLong-range one-dimensional gravitational-like interaction in a neutral atomic cold gas,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 87, no. 1, p. 013401, Jan. 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.87.013401\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.87.013401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.87.013401<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J. Barr\u00e9, B. Marcos, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cNonequilibrium Phase Transition with Gravitational-like Interaction in a Cloud of Cold Atoms,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 112, no. 13, p. 133001, Mar. 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.133001\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.133001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.133001<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V. Mancois, J. Barr\u00e9, C. C. Kwong, A. Olivetti, P. Viot, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cAnisotropic long-range interaction investigated with cold atoms,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. A<\/em>, vol. 102, no. 1, p. 013311, Jul. 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.013311\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.013311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.013311<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V. Mancois, B. Marcos, P. Viot, and D. Wilkowski, \u201cTwo-temperature Brownian dynamics of a particle in a confining potential,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Phys. Rev. E<\/em>, vol. 97, no. 5, p. 052121, May 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.97.052121\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.97.052121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevE.97.052121<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gravitational-like interaction in tabletop experiment If large OD systems are of key importance to study cooperativity, we demonstrated that in the other limiting case of &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-104","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Long Range Interactions - Ultracold Gases &amp; Nanophotonics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gravitational-like interaction in tabletop experiment, If large OD systems are of key importance to study cooperativity, we demonstrated that in the other limiting case of small OD\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ultracold.quantumlah.org\/?page_id=104\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Long Range Interactions - Ultracold Gases &amp; 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